MEG 17 Solved Assignment 2022-23
MEG
17 AMERICAN DRAMA Solved Assignment 2022-23
MEG 17 Solved Assignment 2022: MEG
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17 Solved Assignment 2021.
University: IGNOU |
Course: American Drama |
Language: ENGLISH |
Semester: 2022 |
Course: American Dram |
Session: 2022 |
Short Name: MEG 17 |
Assignment Code: MEG 17/TMA/2022-23 |
Attempt any five questions. All questions carry equal
marks.
1. Discuss Eugene O’Neill’s contribution to modern
American Drama.
20
O'Neill is the only American playwright to have won the
Nobel prize for literature, and the only dramatist to have won four Pulitzer
prizes. He introduced psychological and social realism to the American stage;
he was among the earliest to use American vernacular, and to focus on
characters marginalised by society. Before O'Neill, American theatre consisted
of melodrama and farce; he was the first US playwright to take drama seriously
as an aesthetic and intellectual form. He took it very seriously indeed; one
cannot accuse O'Neill of frivolity. Of more than 50 finished plays, O'Neill
wrote just one ostensible comedy, Ah, Wilderness! (1933), and even
its plot hinges on drunkenness, prostitution, revenge and repressed desire. Of
course, most of O'Neill's plays involve drunkenness, prostitution, revenge and
repressed desire; Ah, Wilderness! is the only one that manages a
happy ending, although A Moon for the Misbegotten (1946) does admit
the possibility of forgiveness, a conclusion that for O'Neill seems downright
giddy.
His first popular hit was The Emperor
Jones in 1920, followed by a string of plays including Anna
Christie and Desire Under the Elms in 1924. That same year also
saw All God's Chillun Got Wings, a groundbreaking exploration of
interracial relations that provoked hate mail and bomb threats. Strange
Interlude won a Pulitzer in 1928; three years later O'Neill
finished Mourning Becomes Electra. In 1936 he was awarded the Nobel; 10
years later, he produced The Iceman Cometh, followed closely by A
Moon for the Misbegotten; both were poorly received. He died in 1953, having
requested that Long Day's Journey Into Night be withheld from the
stage until 25 years after his death. His widow published it three years later;
it was first staged in 1957, and recognised immediately as a triumph, winning
O'Neill his final, posthumous Pulitzer and sparking a revival.
His significance can hardly be overstated: without
O'Neill, there would have been no Arthur Miller or Tennessee Williams, let
alone David Mamet or Sam Shepard. Yet in general his plays are long, arduous,
defiantly demanding; O'Neill told a reporter before The Iceman
Cometh opened that he'd tried to cut 45 minutes, but had managed only 15:
"It will have to run from 8 o'clock to whenever it now goddamned pleases –
maybe quarter to 12. If there are repetitions, they'll have to remain in,
because I feel they are absolutely necessary to what I am trying to get
over."
O'Neill's writing was always driven by an autobiographical impulse; by the time he wrote Long Day's Journey into Night and A Moon for the Misbegotten, he was drawing only the lightest veil between the drama and the dramatist, mining the story of his family's tortured relationships for their universal meanings. The fine line between love and hate is one that O'Neill's characters draw and erase, and draw again: rage explodes, is denied, repressed, avoided and then explodes once more. Addiction is everywhere, accelerating and deepening the suffering it is supposed to be assuaging. Guilt, fury, despair, and the symmetrical need for pity, forgiveness, contrition: these are O'Neill's great themes. When one learns about the extraordinary drama of O'Neill's early years, it is not hard to understand why.
He was born on 17 October 1888, in a hotel in Times
Square, New York. His father, James O'Neill, was a famous and popular actor,
known for his touring production of The Count of Monte Cristo. Eugene
O'Neill's dramas would eventually reject everything his father's career
symbolised, the melodramatic tradition of sentimentality and cheap heroics,
cardboard characters and overblown rhetoric. It was a tradition he knew well:
the young Eugene spent his early years backstage with his mother and older
brother Jamie, as they accompanied James around North America. A middle son,
Edmund, had died as a baby from measles, which he contracted from six-year-old
Jamie; the child was accused of deliberately infecting his brother and remained
guilt-stricken for the rest of his sad, foreshortened life.
After giving birth to Eugene, Mary Ellen (known as
Ella) O'Neill was prescribed morphine for pain and what we would now call
post-natal depression; she rapidly became addicted. When Eugene was 14, his
father and brother decided to tell him the truth about his mother's addiction.
They seem to have implied that if it weren't for him, none of this misfortune
would have befallen the family; Eugene O'Neill's inconsiderate decision to be
born had destroyed his mother. Predictably enough, the young O'Neill began to
self-destruct, consoling himself with alcohol, narcotics, and prostitutes. Some
biographers have asserted that he was an alcoholic by 15; before he was 20,
he'd secretly married a girl who was pregnant with his child. Two years later,
overcome by shame, he overdosed on Veronal, a popular and easily obtained
opiate. A friend got him to the hospital, where his stomach was pumped; the
experience became the kernel of his one-act play Exorcism, which was
believed to have been destroyed until a copy was found and published
last year.
2. What is Black Musical?
20
In class on Thursday, Professor Early challenged the
group to think about what black music is. He began by playing several pieces of
music that from one perspective might seem not to qualify as black music: Sammy
Davis, Jr.’s highly polished, Sinatra-esque performance of “My Shining Hour”;
and Ray Charles’s country-western “You Don’t Know Me.” We struggled with the
question of how to define black music—and with the question of whether the term
was meaningful or not. On the one hand, there have been those who have sought
to pin specific attributes on to black music—a certain looseness and
flexibility, perhaps; a penchant for improvisation; an earthy, emotive
authenticity. Yet such attempts almost inevitably become mired in patronizing
stereotypes, as Prof. Early suggested with his mockery of Jack Kerouac’s
swooning over black people’s liberated earthiness in On the Road. On the other
hand, there is an opposing impulse to conclude, simply, that race has no bearing
on music; that music is music and race has nothing to do with it, even though
our racialized culture insists on yoking the two together commercially and
cognitively. This idea was proposed in class, and Prof. Early, I think,
acknowledged that on some level it may be true. Mostly, though, he resisted
letting the discussion end there, instead hearkening all the way back to 1830
in a capsule history of black music in America.
In honor of Black Music Month, Music Forward presented
a Blues SchoolHouse livestream from House of Blues Boston powered by
Music Drives Us and Boston Cultural Council. The Blues SchoolHouse band took
over 2,000 Boston-area teachers and students on a musical journey to trace the
history and impact of the blues. Blues SchoolHouse serves as a music timeline
of American history and honors the incredible contributions of Black artists on
American music and culture. Blues music has given people a voice to tell
stories, preserve traditions and express feelings about everyday life and it goes
without saying that blues music has influenced much of the music that we all
enjoy today. We’re proud to tell the story of the blues and highlight the role
that music plays in reflecting the human condition and driving social change.
The influence of Black artists and musicians is present
throughout all aspects of American culture. In honor of Black Music
Month, we embarked on a journey to explore how Black music impacted not only
key moments in history, but also the artists and songs that we listen to today
borrowing from the teachings of our Blues School House program.
You can’t enjoy the Rhythm and ignore The Blues. Our
legacy is rooted in the blues. The music we all enjoy today is rooted in the
blues. Blues was born out of the oppression, struggle, hope, and resistance
experienced by African Americans in the late 1800s. Pioneers of the blues
included artists Robert Johnson, whose influence is heard in many of today’s
legendary guitarists; and Bessie Smith, the Empress of the Blues, who boldly
sang classic blues and established roots for the forthright expressions of
womanhood in music. As the blues-man Willie Dixon said, “The blues are the
roots and the other musics are the fruits.”
3. Narrate the classical background to the study of
Musical Theatre?
20
4. Do you agree that “After Blenheim” is an anti-war
text? What answer do you give in your defense?
20
5. Discuss A Raisin in the Sun as a Marxist play.
20
6. Is The Family Reunion a modernist Drama? Discuss.
20
7. Discuss the technique of Expressionism in American D
20
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