MEVE 015 Solved Assignment 2021-22

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Course Code : MEVE 015

Course Title : DISASTER MANAGEMENT

Assignment Code : MEVE 015/TMA-01/2021-2022

Coverage : All Blocks

Note: This assignment is based on the entire course. Answer any five questions. MEVE 015 Solved Assignment 2021-22 All question carries equal marks. The marks for each question are indicated against it within brackets on the right-hand side. Please write all answers in your own words.

1. Describe the basic concepts in disaster management. Explain the challenges posed by disasters and the impacts of disasters.

Disaster, as defined by the United Nations, is a serious disruption of the functioning of a community or society, which involve widespread human, material, economic or environmental impacts that exceed the ability of the affected community or society to cope using its own resources [1]. Disaster management is how we deal with the human, material, economic or environmental impacts of said disaster, it is the process of how we “prepare for, respond to and learn from the effects of major failures” [2]. Though often caused by nature, disasters can have human origins. According to the International Federation of Red Cross & Red Crescent Societies a disaster occurs when a hazard impacts on vulnerable people. The combination of hazards, vulnerability and inability to reduce the potential negative consequences of risk results in disaster

Natural Disasters

According to the International Federation of Red Cross & Red Crescent Societies Natural Disasters are naturally occurring physical phenomena caused either by rapid or slow onset events that have immediate impacts on human health and secondary impacts causing further death and suffering. These disasters can be:

·        Geophysical (e.g. Earthquakes, Landslides, Tsunamis and Volcanic Activity)

·        Hydrological (e.g. Avalanches and Floods)

·        Climatological (e.g. Extreme Temperatures, Drought and Wildfires)

·        Meteorological (e.g. Cyclones and Storms/Wave Surges)

·        Biological (e.g. Disease Epidemics and Insect/Animal Plagues)

The United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction characterises Natural Disasters in relation to their magnitude or intensity, speed of onset, duration and area of extent e.g. earthquakes are of short duration and usually affect a relatively small region whereas droughts are slow to develop and fade away and often affect large regions . 

Man-Made Disasters

Man-Made Disasters as viewed by the International Federation of Red Cross & Red Crescent Societies are events that are caused by humans which occur in or close to human settlements often caused as a results of Environmental or Technological Emergencies. This can include:

·        Environmental Degradation

·        Pollution

·        Accidents (e.g. Industrial, Technological and Transport usually involving the production, use or transport of hazardous materials) 

Complex Emergencies

Some disasters can result from multiple hazards, or, more often, to a complex combination of both natural and man-made causes which involve a break-down of authority, looting and attacks on strategic installations, including conflict situations and war. These can include:

·        Food Insecurity

·        Epidemics

·        Armed Conflicts

·        Displaced Populations

According to ICRC these Complex Emergencies are typically characterized by:

·        Extensive Violence

·        Displacements of Populations

·        Loss of Life

·        Widespread Damage to both Societies and Economies

·        Need for Large-scale, Humanitarian Assistance across Multiple Agencies

·        Political and Military Constraints which impact or prevent Humanitarian Assistance

·        Increased Security Risks for Humanitarian Relief Workers

Pandemic Emergencies

Pandemic (from Greek πᾶν pan "all" and δῆμος demos "people") is an epidemic of infectious disease that has spread across a large region, which can occur to the human population or animal population and may affect health and disrupt services leading to economic and social costs. It may be an unusual or unexpected increase in the number of cases of an infectious disease which already exists in a certain region or population or can also refer to the appearance of a significant number of cases of an infectious disease in a region or population that is usually free from that disease. 

2. Explain the public health response and relief measures in disaster medical management.

3. Write short notes on the following:

(a) Disaster Preparedness.

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(b) Disaster Mitigation.

4. Explain the roles and responsibilities of different agencies in disaster preparedness.

5. Describe the fundamentals of risk and vulnerability.

6. Write short notes on the following:

(a) Technologies used in disaster management.

(b) International Cooperation for disaster medical management.

7. Give a detailed account on the types and categories of disasters.

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