Distinguish between community organization and community development.
b) Distinguish between community organization and community development.
There is a common philosophical base between community
organization and community development. Both aim to enable people to live a
happy and fully developed life. Both have basic faith in the common man and his
right to self-determination in the framework of society. Both give equal
emphasis to selfhelp, and help the people to help themselves to solve their own
problems. The community organizer and the community development worker both
work as agents to achieve these goals. In spite of these similarities,
community development and community organization should not be considered as
synonymous. They do overlap. Community development is considered with promotion
of all aspects of life including social, economical and cultural, in rural as
well as urban areas; while community organization is concerned with adjustment
of social welfare needs and resources in cities, states, and nation as well as
in villages.
Differences
Community organization as practiced in the United States is
mostly done on a voluntary basis. While community development in most of the
under-developed countries is a government-sponsored programme.
Community organization is essentially a product of urbanization
and industrialization. In a highly industrialized society
Community organization is largely concerned with the problems
of population mobility, problems of the family, problems of the aged, problems
of juvenile delinquency, of unemployment and provision of social security. In
contrast to these, Community development in the under-developed countries is
largely concerned with how to induce people to meet basic human needs, like
food, shelter and clothing and bring about change in their outlook.
Community organization is mostly concerned with starting or
developing new social welfare agencies or institutions to meet the problems of
an urban society. Community development on the other hand is more concerned
with inducing social changes; and as such becomes a powerful tool to bring
about social change in traditional societies.
Community organization tends to be process-oriented while
community development as practiced in India tends to be target oriented and
often neglects the process of involving the people in the project and
determining their felt needs in the anxiety of the administrators to achieve
the targets in a given time.
Importance of Community Work
Social work has developed special knowledge and skills to
deal with individuals, groups and the community, which could with advantage be
applied, to community development. Charles I. Scotland in his paper, “Community
Development : A Challenge to the social Worker’, has emphasized that social
worker has a unique contribution make to the process of community development.
He emphasizes the fact that the concern of social workers for people is quite
different from that of all other professions. The concern of social worker is
based on an understanding of the dynamics of human behaviour. The social worker
takes pain to identify causes, The social worker possess special skills in
motivating people to use their capacities in working towards desirable goals
which they themselves have identified.
His knowledge and skill specially in the
community organization process form an integral part of his skill in working
with individuals and groups .He has developed a technique of solving
multitudinous human needs and problems affecting the individual by means of
specific skills enabling the individual to utilize both his own and community
resources to the maximum advantage. Further, social work skills essential in
group work and recreation can also make a notable contribution to Community
development. These skills would help to enlist the co-operation of women and youth
to assist them find satisfaction in group activity as a step in undertaking
some community responsibility
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